Introduction to the Java Environment Java 开发环境介绍
Learning Objectives 学习目标
- Explain the compilation and execution process of a Java program.
- Demonstrate compiling and running Java code using command-line tools.
- Identify the roles of JDK, JRE, and JVM.
- 解释 Java 程序的编译和执行过程。
- 演示如何使用命令行工具编译和运行 Java 代码。
- 识别 JDK、JRE 和 JVM 的作用。
2 · Java Platform Pillars (JDK, JRE, JVM)
Java's cross-platform portability ("Write Once, Run Anywhere") is enabled by three core layered technologies: Java 的跨平台移植性(“一次编写,到处运行”)是由三个核心分层技术实现的:
| Component组件 | Full Name全称 | Description & Contents说明与包含内容 |
|---|---|---|
| JVM | Java Virtual Machine | Executes Java Bytecode line-by-line. Translates it into host system machine instructions.逐行执行 Java 字节码。将其翻译为主机系统的机器指令。 |
| JRE | Java Runtime Environment | Contains the JVM plus core runtime class libraries needed to run compiled Java files.包含 JVM 以及运行编译后的 Java 文件所需的关键运行时类库。 |
| JDK | Java Development Kit | The complete developers package. Contains JRE, compiler (javac), and debugging toolkits.完整的开发包。包含 JRE、编译器 (javac) 和调试工具集。 |
3 · Compilation & Execution Flow
Java uses a hybrid execution model. High-level code is first compiled into intermediate Bytecode, which is then interpreted by the JVM: Java 采用混合执行模式。高级代码首先被编译为中间字节码,然后由 JVM 进行解释执行:
- Source Code (.java):源程序代码 (.java): The programmer writes human-readable Java source files.程序员编写人类可读的 Java 源文件。
-
Compilation (javac):程序编译 (javac): The Java Compiler parses the source file and translates it into bytecode (stored as a
.classfile).Java 编译器解析源文件并将其翻译成字节码(存储为.class文件)。 - Bytecode (.class):Java 字节码 (.class): A machine-independent set of optimized bytecode instructions.一组与机器无关的优化字节码指令。
- JVM Translation:JVM 解释执行: The JVM loads the class file, interprets the bytecode, and outputs native machine code for execution on the host CPU.JVM 加载类文件,解释字节码,并输出本地机器码,在主机 CPU 上执行。
4 · Command Line Compilation & Execution
Understanding the CLI commands builds a mental model of compilation before hiding it behind IDE buttons. 在将这些编译过程隐藏在 IDE 按钮后面之前,理解命令行 (CLI) 指令可以建立编译的思维模型。
Step 1: Write Source File步骤 1:编写源文件
Create a text file named Welcome.java:创建一个名为 Welcome.java 的文本文件:
public class Welcome {{ public static void main(String[] args) {{ System.out.println("Welcome to Java Programming!"); }} }}
Step 2: Compile to Class File步骤 2:编译为 Class 文件
Run the Java Compiler in terminal:在终端运行 Java 编译器:
javac Welcome.java
Outcome: A new file named Welcome.class is created in the directory.结果:在目录下生成一个新的 Welcome.class 文件。
Step 3: Run class in JVM步骤 3:在 JVM 中运行类
Launch JVM execution in terminal (omit extension):在终端启动 JVM 执行(省略文件后缀名):
java Welcome
Output: Welcome to Java Programming!
5 · IDE Configuration & Environment
Modern development is conducted inside Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, or VS Code: 现代软件开发通常在集成开发环境 (IDE) 中进行,例如 Eclipse、IntelliJ IDEA 或 VS Code:
Eclipse / IntelliJ Setup
1. Download and install JDK 21.
2. Install Eclipse IDE.
3. Bind JDK path in Preferences -> Installed JREs.1. 下载并安装 JDK 21。
2. 安装 Eclipse IDE。
3. 在 Preferences -> Installed JREs 中绑定 JDK 路径。
Environment Paths
Ensure JAVA_HOME system path points to the JDK home directory, and %JAVA_HOME%\bin is added to the Path variable.确保系统路径 JAVA_HOME 指向 JDK 主目录,并且 %JAVA_HOME%\bin 已添加至 Path 变量中。
Applied Case Study: Environment Validation应用案例研究:开发环境验证
Company: Kompas Tech Solutions.
Let's simulate compiling and running a system utility program that checks Java runtime details.
公司: Kompas Tech Solutions。
让我们模拟编译和运行一个检查 Java 运行时信息的系统工具程序。
Validation Source Code验证程序的源代码
public class SystemCheck {{ public static void main(String[] args) {{ System.out.println("Checking Kompas Tech Java Environment..."); System.out.println("Java Version: " + System.getProperty("java.version")); System.out.println("Java Vendor: " + System.getProperty("java.vendor")); }} }}
💡 Hint / 提示
Save this code as SystemCheck.java, compile it in terminal, and run it. Verify your Java installation is JDK 21.将此代码保存为 SystemCheck.java,在终端进行编译,然后运行。验证您的 Java 版本是否为 JDK 21。
✅ Show Expected Console Output / 显示预期控制台输出
Checking Kompas Tech Java Environment... Java Version: 21.0.2 Java Vendor: Oracle Corporation
Check Your Understanding自我检测
Q1. Which component is responsible for executing Java Bytecode?哪个组件负责执行 Java 字节码?
Q2. What is the file extension of a compiled Java file?编译后的 Java 文件的扩展名是什么?
Q3. Which CLI command is used to compile a Java file named Test.java?使用哪个命令行指令来编译名为 Test.java 的 Java 文件?
Q4. What is the correct relationship between JDK, JRE, and JVM?JDK、JRE 和 JVM 之间正确的包含关系是什么?