Week 1: Fundamentals of Computer Systems

Step-by-Step Guide 分步指南

Step 1: What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

Step 2: Hardware vs. Software

A computer system consists of two main components:

Hardware: Physical parts (CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, RAM).
Software: Intangible instructions (Windows OS, Java Programs).

步骤 1：什么是计算机？

计算机是一种处理信息或数据的电子设备。它具有存储、检索和处理数据的能力。

步骤 2：硬件与软件

计算机系统由两个主要部分组成：

硬件：物理部件（CPU、显示器、键盘、内存）。
软件：无形指令（Windows 操作系统、Java 程序）。

Concept Visualization 概念可视化

Tips 提示

Hardware vs. Software: Remember that Hardware is physical (you can drop it), while Software is logical (intangible code).
Program Development Method: You must always know the steps in exact chronological order (Specification -> Analysis -> Design -> Implementation -> Testing -> Maintenance).

硬件与软件：记住，硬件是物理的（你可以触摸或摔碎它），而软件是逻辑的（无形的代码）。
程序开发方法：你必须按确切的顺序记忆这些步骤（需求规范 -> 分析 -> 设计 -> 实现 -> 测试 -> 维护）。

Knowledge Check 知识自测

Fill in the Blanks 填空练习

The physical parts of a computer are called . 计算机的物理部件称为。

The first step of the Program Development Method is requirements . 程序开发方法的第一步是需求。

Coding Practice 编程实践

Exercise 1: The Main Method: Fill in the blank to declare the main method, which is the entry point of a Java program. 练习 1：主方法: 填空以声明主方法（Java 程序的入口点）。

public static void _______(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello");}

Exercise 2: Fix the Syntax: Every Java statement must end with a specific punctuation mark. 练习 2：修复语法: 每个 Java 语句必须以特定的标点符号结束。

System.out.println("Welcome to Java")_______

Exercise 3: Print a Message: Write the exact command to print Java is fun to the console. 练习 3：打印消息: 编写确切的命令在控制台打印 Java is fun。

_______

Matching Game 配对游戏

Match the term on the left with its definition on the right. 将左侧的术语与右侧的定义进行配对。

CPU

RAM

OS

IDE

Central Processing Unit 中央处理器

Random Access Memory 随机存取内存

Operating System 操作系统

Integrated Development Environment 集成开发环境

Week 1: Fundamentals of Computer Systems 第 1 周：计算机系统基础